Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    5
    12
    2
    6
    9
    4
    11
    8
    7
    3
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    4
    3
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.