Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    9
    10
    7
    8
    6
    4
    5
    1
    12
    2
    11

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    1
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.