Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    12
    3
    5
    11
    2
    8
    7
    10
    4
    9
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    1
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    6 Kdy volala?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.