Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    9
    10
    5
    2
    3
    11
    7
    12
    6
    4
    8

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Kdo tam šel?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.