Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    5
    9
    12
    3
    1
    8
    10
    11
    4
    7
    6

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    3
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.