Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    3
    8
    7
    9
    2
    4
    1
    11
    5
    6
    12

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    4
    5
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.