Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    2
    6
    3
    12
    8
    10
    7
    9
    11
    5
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    3
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    6 Kdy volala?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.