Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    5
    3
    11
    7
    6
    2
    8
    9
    4
    10
    12

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    5
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.