Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    5
    4
    11
    3
    9
    12
    10
    6
    8
    2
    1
    7

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.