Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    1
    6
    5
    12
    8
    2
    9
    7
    10
    11
    3

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    3
    2
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.