Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    5
    4
    6
    10
    8
    7
    12
    2
    1
    11
    9
    3

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    1
    5
    4
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.