Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    11
    10
    3
    12
    9
    2
    6
    7
    5
    4
    8

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    5
    2
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    7 Odešla před minutou.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.