Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    8
    2
    4
    12
    3
    7
    5
    9
    10
    6
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    3
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.