Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    9
    5
    8
    2
    4
    3
    12
    1
    10
    6
    7

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.