Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    5
    11
    7
    8
    10
    12
    1
    9
    2
    4
    6

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.