Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    7
    4
    6
    8
    12
    5
    10
    1
    11
    9
    2

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    3
    2
    4

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.