Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    11
    4
    2
    5
    6
    10
    8
    9
    3
    7
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    2
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    4 Kdo tam šel?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.