Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    1
    10
    9
    11
    2
    5
    4
    8
    7
    12
    6

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    5
    2
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.