Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    6
    4
    7
    1
    10
    3
    8
    2
    9
    5
    12

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    5
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.