Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    5
    6
    12
    3
    8
    7
    11
    9
    1
    10
    2

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    4
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.