Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    7 Who told you that?
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    8 My brother not there.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    5
    12
    3
    9
    7
    10
    4
    1
    2
    8
    6
    11

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Kdy volala?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.