Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    8
    6
    5
    4
    2
    7
    1
    11
    12
    9
    3

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.