Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    11
    1
    12
    2
    7
    8
    9
    6
    3
    5
    4
    10

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    4 Kdo tam šel?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.