Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    7
    3
    1
    5
    8
    2
    10
    12
    4
    6
    11

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    4
    1
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.