Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    8
    7
    9
    11
    6
    4
    10
    2
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    6 Kdy volala?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.