Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    7
    8
    9
    5
    6
    2
    4
    1
    11
    3
    12

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    3
    4
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    6 Kdy volala?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.