Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    5
    4
    6
    8
    12
    10
    3
    2
    9
    11
    1

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    8 Did they agree? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    4
    2
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    6 Kdy volala?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.