Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    4
    9
    12
    6
    11
    1
    7
    8
    10
    3
    5

    Exercise 11

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    3
    2
    1

    Exercise 18

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.