Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    2 What's your name?
    4 My name is ...
    6 Where are you from?
    1 He's a learner of English.
    20 I have to go.
    11 How much is it?
    7 Is there anybody here?
    13 What will you do?
    19 I hope not.
    15 Can you help us?
    9 That's my sister's car.
    18 Have some!
    12 That's not true!
    16 We can't wait.
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    14 Shall we go?
    17 You'll have to ask him.
    5 I'm not from here.
    10 There are many foreigners here.

    Exercise 2

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 376,750
    1 45 children
    6 86.05
    3 876.7
    7 2,568
    8 17,999.5
    10 14,064,559
    5 3.06
    4 16.78
    2 267 people

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    4
    10
    8
    12
    5
    3
    7
    6
    11
    1
    9
    2

    Exercise 4

    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • a They're from Ireland.
    • i They're from France.
    • d He's from England.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • b He's from China.
    • j She's from Japan.
    • g They're from the USA.
    • h He's from Russia.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?
    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.
    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!

    Exercise 7

    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.
    5 these books yours?
    6 I not afraid of you.
    10 Why you laughing?
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    8 Water good for you.
    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    3 What going on?
    7 Our children too young for that.
    2 There lots of children.
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    12 It true! He lying!

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    3 There are many parents with they children.
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    10 We want something for we children.
    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    9 He's a good friend of I .

    Exercise 9

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.
    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    6 How luggage have you got?
    5 That's too information.
    10 There are too cars.
    3 They've got kids and very little time.
    4 There isn't milk here.
    2 There won't be people.
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.
    1 How money will you need?
    9 How is this car?
    7 How friends are coming?

    Exercise 11

    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    3 My brother here.
    2 She my sister.
    6 This book mine.
    7 We very happy.
    11 English phrases easy.
    9 There any money.
    4 His parents glad.
    1 I ready.
    10 Why you at school?
    8 There many foreigners there.
    5 There any kids.

    Exercise 12

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 Mark is visiting his friend.
    5 They're playing a game.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    12 We're going out tonight.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    1 John is leaving tomorrow.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    2 He's reading a book.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.

    Exercise 13

    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    6 Can I have little water?
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.
    7 There are ten cats in house.
    3 British are nice people.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.
    • e No, I think he's British.
    • d No, come in!
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • h At about half past six.
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    1 We need time.
    8 of them are students.
    6 We haven't got milk.
    4 There aren't people.
    2 Can I have water?
    3 Are there kids here?
    7 Have you got pets?
    5 Can you give me money?
    9 I can't see children.
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?

    Exercise 16

    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    8 When are we leaving?
    3 My mum is making dinner.
    2 He isn't sleeping at home.
    10 Who's coming?
    7 We aren't at home.
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    1 They are going on holiday.
    5 We are meeting at my place.
    9 What are you doing?
    12 We must do it.
    11 I can't come.
    6 He's not afraid.

    Exercise 17

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    15 Já nespím! sleep
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    12 Dám mu vědět. let know
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help
    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time
    7 Je málo času. little
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn
    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • a brown.
    • g blue.
    • d orange.
    • c red.
    • b white.
    • e yellow.
    • h black.
    • f green.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    8 There's too much work and too time.
    7 There will be many men but only women.
    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    2 My brother is little and I am .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.
    6 She's sad and he's .
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .

    Exercise 20

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.
    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    7 How are you feel ?
    3 My brother speak four languages.
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    5 My mum have no time.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.
    2 Why are you sit here?
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    13 Mark enjoy his work.

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.
    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.
    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.
    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    7 Čekáte na někoho?
    11 Půjdeme?
    10 Jsem Čech.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    13 Bude to stačit?
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)
    16 Nejsem připravený.
    18 Je mi horko.
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    8 Přijdeš?
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    17 Budete muset počkat.

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.