Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    12 That's not true!
    20 I have to go.
    18 Have some!
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    4 My name is ...
    2 What's your name?
    19 I hope not.
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    13 What will you do?
    16 We can't wait.
    17 You'll have to ask him.
    14 Shall we go?
    15 Can you help us?
    10 There are many foreigners here.
    9 That's my sister's car.
    5 I'm not from here.
    1 He's a learner of English.
    6 Where are you from?
    7 Is there anybody here?
    11 How much is it?

    Exercise 2

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 267 people
    7 2,568
    3 876.7
    10 14,064,559
    9 376,750
    1 45 children
    5 3.06
    4 16.78
    6 86.05
    8 17,999.5

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    3
    1
    8
    6
    9
    2
    11
    10
    7
    4
    5
    12

    Exercise 4

    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • h He's from Russia.
    • i They're from France.
    • d He's from England.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • j She's from Japan.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • a They're from Ireland.
    • b He's from China.
    • g They're from the USA.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.
    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?
    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?

    Exercise 7

    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.
    3 What going on?
    6 I not afraid of you.
    5 these books yours?
    10 Why you laughing?
    2 There lots of children.
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    8 Water good for you.
    7 Our children too young for that.
    12 It true! He lying!

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    9 He's a good friend of I .
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    10 We want something for we children.
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    3 There are many parents with they children.
    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.

    Exercise 9

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.
    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    7 How friends are coming?
    4 There isn't milk here.
    9 How is this car?
    10 There are too cars.
    1 How money will you need?
    3 They've got kids and very little time.
    2 There won't be people.
    6 How luggage have you got?
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.
    5 That's too information.

    Exercise 11

    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    1 I ready.
    11 English phrases easy.
    5 There any kids.
    9 There any money.
    10 Why you at school?
    7 We very happy.
    8 There many foreigners there.
    6 This book mine.
    2 She my sister.
    3 My brother here.
    4 His parents glad.

    Exercise 12

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 Mark is visiting his friend.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.
    2 He's reading a book.
    5 They're playing a game.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    1 John is leaving tomorrow.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    12 We're going out tonight.

    Exercise 13

    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    7 There are ten cats in house.
    6 Can I have little water?
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    3 British are nice people.
    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • h At about half past six.
    • e No, I think he's British.
    • d No, come in!
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    1 We need time.
    9 I can't see children.
    3 Are there kids here?
    5 Can you give me money?
    6 We haven't got milk.
    7 Have you got pets?
    8 of them are students.
    2 Can I have water?
    4 There aren't people.
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?

    Exercise 16

    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    8 When are we leaving?
    7 We aren't at home.
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    6 He's not afraid.
    11 I can't come.
    2 He isn't sleeping at home.
    1 They are going on holiday.
    10 Who's coming?
    9 What are you doing?
    12 We must do it.
    5 We are meeting at my place.
    3 My mum is making dinner.

    Exercise 17

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    15 Já nespím! sleep
    12 Dám mu vědět. let know
    7 Je málo času. little
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet
    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • e yellow.
    • d orange.
    • f green.
    • a brown.
    • b white.
    • c red.
    • g blue.
    • h black.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    8 There's too much work and too time.
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.
    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    2 My brother is little and I am .
    6 She's sad and he's .
    7 There will be many men but only women.

    Exercise 20

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.
    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    5 My mum have no time.
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.
    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    7 How are you feel ?
    2 Why are you sit here?
    13 Mark enjoy his work.
    3 My brother speak four languages.
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?
    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .
    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.
    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!
    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?
    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.
    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Je mi horko.
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    13 Bude to stačit?
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    8 Přijdeš?
    7 Čekáte na někoho?
    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    10 Jsem Čech.
    16 Nejsem připravený.
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    11 Půjdeme?
    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    17 Budete muset počkat.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.