Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    6 Where are you from?
    2 What's your name?
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    1 He's a learner of English.
    13 What will you do?
    4 My name is ...
    19 I hope not.
    5 I'm not from here.
    7 Is there anybody here?
    9 That's my sister's car.
    11 How much is it?
    12 That's not true!
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    15 Can you help us?
    10 There are many foreigners here.
    16 We can't wait.
    18 Have some!
    17 You'll have to ask him.
    20 I have to go.
    14 Shall we go?

    Exercise 2

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 14,064,559
    2 267 people
    3 876.7
    8 17,999.5
    6 86.05
    7 2,568
    1 45 children
    5 3.06
    4 16.78
    9 376,750

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    1
    8
    4
    6
    9
    5
    7
    12
    2
    3
    10
    11

    Exercise 4

    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • i They're from France.
    • h He's from Russia.
    • j She's from Japan.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • a They're from Ireland.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • b He's from China.
    • g They're from the USA.
    • d He's from England.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .
    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!
    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!
    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?
    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?

    Exercise 7

    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    5 these books yours?
    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    6 I not afraid of you.
    2 There lots of children.
    12 It true! He lying!
    8 Water good for you.
    7 Our children too young for that.
    3 What going on?
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    10 Why you laughing?
    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.
    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    3 There are many parents with they children.
    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    9 He's a good friend of I .
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    10 We want something for we children.

    Exercise 9

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?
    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    7 How friends are coming?
    6 How luggage have you got?
    3 They've got kids and very little time.
    4 There isn't milk here.
    1 How money will you need?
    5 That's too information.
    2 There won't be people.
    9 How is this car?
    10 There are too cars.
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.

    Exercise 11

    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    5 There any kids.
    7 We very happy.
    1 I ready.
    9 There any money.
    4 His parents glad.
    8 There many foreigners there.
    2 She my sister.
    11 English phrases easy.
    10 Why you at school?
    6 This book mine.
    3 My brother here.

    Exercise 12

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 We're going out tonight.
    8 Mark is visiting his friend.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    2 He's reading a book.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.
    1 John is leaving tomorrow.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    5 They're playing a game.

    Exercise 13

    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.
    6 Can I have little water?
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    3 British are nice people.
    7 There are ten cats in house.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • d No, come in!
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • e No, I think he's British.
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.
    • h At about half past six.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    7 Have you got pets?
    8 of them are students.
    2 Can I have water?
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?
    3 Are there kids here?
    6 We haven't got milk.
    4 There aren't people.
    5 Can you give me money?
    9 I can't see children.
    1 We need time.

    Exercise 16

    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    2 He isn't sleeping at home.
    5 We are meeting at my place.
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    9 What are you doing?
    1 They are going on holiday.
    7 We aren't at home.
    10 Who's coming?
    8 When are we leaving?
    12 We must do it.
    3 My mum is making dinner.
    11 I can't come.
    6 He's not afraid.

    Exercise 17

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Je málo času. little
    15 Já nespím! sleep
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet
    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time
    12 Dám mu vědět. let know

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • a brown.
    • b white.
    • e yellow.
    • f green.
    • g blue.
    • h black.
    • d orange.
    • c red.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    2 My brother is little and I am .
    7 There will be many men but only women.
    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    8 There's too much work and too time.
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .
    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    6 She's sad and he's .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.

    Exercise 20

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.
    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    3 My brother speak four languages.
    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.
    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    13 Mark enjoy his work.
    2 Why are you sit here?
    5 My mum have no time.
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    7 How are you feel ?
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .
    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Nejsem připravený.
    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    13 Bude to stačit?
    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    7 Čekáte na někoho?
    10 Jsem Čech.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    17 Budete muset počkat.
    8 Přijdeš?
    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    11 Půjdeme?
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    18 Je mi horko.

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.