Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.