Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.