Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.