Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    13 Let's go shopping!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.