Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    20 It feels great!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.