Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.