Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    2 Take a look at this!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.