Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.