Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.