Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.