Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.