Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    14 She keeps talking about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.