Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.