Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.