Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    12 She never speaks to me.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.