Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.