Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.