Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.