Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.