Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.