Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.