Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.