Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.