Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.