Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.