Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.