Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.