Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.