Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.