Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.