Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    16 It'll be many/much better.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.