Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.