Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.