Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.