Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.