Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.