Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.