Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.