Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.