Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.