Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.