Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.