Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.