Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.