Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.