Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.