Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    20 It feels great!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.