Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    1 What are you watching?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.