Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.