Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.