Exercises

Exercise 1

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

    • Přeložte.

    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.